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KMID : 0378019680110060049
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New Medical Journal
1968 Volume.11 No. 6 p.49 ~ p.64
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Histological Studies of the degranulation of Mesenteric Mast Cells Caused by Morphine Hydrochloride and Demerol Hydrochloride in Albino Rats
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Abstract
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The mast cells were so named by Ehrlich(1879), and many investigators have studied to make a distinction between the activities of the mast cell as a whole and the physiological activities and relations of its granules. Mast cells occur in almost all structures in the body, especially, in loose -or areolar connective tissues. Riley(1955) believed that he distinguished two types of mast cells which were distributed in connective tissue, and in blood mast cells called basophils or mast leukocytes derived from bone marrow.
The metachromatic granules contained in mast cells, were readily diffused from the cells. The physiological implications relative to distribution of mast cells are important because mast cells are considered to be a - form of storage of components for, or a readily available ´supply of, heparin (Holmgren and Wilander, 1937), hyaluronic acid (Asboe-Hansen, 1952), histamine (Riley and West, 1953), serotonin (Benditt et al. 1955), other polysaccharides and certain enzymes or its precursors.
The mode of action of histamine releasers is not clearly understood and, to make the problem more complicated, histamine is present in more than one form and in more than one type of the cell or situation; and it is released by almost any injury or damage -to tissues, including the effects of x-rays, ultraviolet or actinic solar rays, electric current, frostbite, and burns.
MacIntosh and Paton(1949), and Paton(1951) suggested that a number of widely different chemical compounds have the common property of releasing histamine from mammalian tissue without producing gross structural change. These substances were called "histamine liberators".
Alam et al.(1939), Rocha and Schild(1949), Mongar and Whelar,(1953), Faweett(1954 a.) Riley and West(1955), and Perry(1956) believed that the ability of compound 48/80 or various chemical histamine liberators to release histamine in experimental animals would appear to depend on a direct interaction and some component of the tissue themselves.
It is well known that.the histamine liberated by histamine liberators, such as compound 48/80, stilbamidine, d-tubocurarine- and protamine sulfate, increased capillary permeability, falling the blood pressure, and induced edema. Miles (1951), Miles and Miles(1952) and Feldberg and Miles(1953) demonstrated when the histamine liberator, compound 48/80, injected intravenously into experimental animals with the vital dye pontamine sky blue in their circulation, the skin rapidly becomes blue, and the intradermal injection of substances that increase permeability of the blood vessels is followed by an accumlation of dye at the site of injection. This is presumably due to the passage of dye-stained plasma into the tissue spaces.
It has been also shown that the opium alkaloids and the morphine derivative, a- morphine, have to be
In this experiment the dermal bluing at the injecting sites of histamine and morphine HCI were seen while no dermal reaction at the injection site of normal saline solution was found. According to these findings including the following control experiment given antihistamine prior to the. dermal injection of histamine, morphine HCl and normal saline solution, it was´ proven that morphine HCI liberated tissue histamine as well as histamine injection produced the dermal bluing due to increased permeability of dermal capillaries.
b. The group for the permeability of dermal capillaries by demerol HCl.
No dermal bluing at the injecting sites of demerol HCl and normal saline solution were seen except the site of histamine. These findings indicate that the dermal injection of demerol HCl and normal. saline solution did not liberate tissue histamine.
c. The group for the permeability of dermal capillaries by morphine HCI pretreatment with an antihistamine.
In this control experiment the dermal bluing at all injecting sites of mophine HCI, histamine. and normal saline solution were did not occur. Additionally the mechanism of an antihistamine was presented by Dale(1950) and Maynard et al. (1955) while it is not clearly understood.
Sunmary and Conclusions
Histological studies on the degranulation of mesenteric mast cells of albino rats caused by injections of morphine HO and demerol HCl intravenously, intraperitoneally, and local injection of the mesentery of the rats were carried out and the following conclusions were made.
1. In the groups of intravenous, intraperitoneal, and local injections of morphine HCI, the fairly significant degranulation of mesenteric mast cells were observed, which was probably associated with the concomitant liberation of tissue histamine partly derived from the mast cell_
2. In the groups of intravenous and intraperitoneal injections of demerol HCi, relatively significant degranulation of the mesenteric mast cell was recognized. However, the local injections showed no cytological change of the mesenteric mast cell and no liberation of tissue histamine was observed. These findings indicate that the degranulation of the mesenteric mast cell was caused by a indirect effect due to demerol HCI.
Consequently it is histologically and physiologically deduced that the mode of acting mechanism of morphine HCl and demerol HCl on the mesenteric mast cell is different,
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